International Research and Academic scholar society

IRASS Journal of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences

Issue-9(September), Volume-2 2025

1. ETHICS, GENDER AND DEVELOPMEMENT
4

Dr. John Motsamai Modise*
Tshwane University of Technology
1-8
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17015433

This research investigates the critical intersection of ethics, gender, and development, aiming to understand how ethically grounded, gender-sensitive approaches can lead to more just and sustainable development outcomes. Despite decades of global development efforts, many projects have historically neglected ethical principles and gender equality, resulting in limited impact, unintended harm, and the reinforcement of patriarchal structures. There remains a lack of cohesive frameworks that fully integrate feminist ethics and core ethical principles into mainstream development planning and evaluation. The study employs a critical literature review methodology, analyzing peer-reviewed academic journals, policy reports from international development organizations, and key theoretical texts. It is grounded in feminist theory, the capability approach, and global frameworks such as the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly SDG 5 on gender equality. The research identifies that development projects lacking ethical grounding often exacerbate existing inequalities. A feminist ethic, especially one rooted in care and justice, is shown to be instrumental in addressing systemic gender-based disparities. Furthermore, gender-sensitive projects that integrate ethical frameworks demonstrate more equitable, inclusive, and sustainable outcomes. However, there is a persistent challenge in effectively measuring long-term impacts on gender equality and sustainability. Embedding ethical principles and feminist perspectives into development is not optional it is essential for achieving meaningful, transformative change. This study concludes that ethically guided, gender-responsive development can empower marginalized groups, particularly women, and foster inclusive social and environmental progress. It calls for robust accountability mechanisms, participatory evaluation tools, and continued advocacy to ensure development efforts do not perpetuate injustice but rather dismantle it.

2. INTERSECTION OF DISCIPLESHIP AND HOSPITALITY IN LUKE 14:12–15 AND ITS...
12

Solomon Adeolu Adesina*, Abel...
Department of Biblical Studies, The Nigerian Baptist Theological Seminary, Ogbomoso
9-16
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17060589

Suffering is a reality of human existence from time immemorial, changing form and severity from one period, person, and location to another. The Scripture affirms this fact and presents God’s desire to alleviate human suffering in diverse forms; it also reveals God’s willingness to use human agents to achieve this alleviation. The incarnation story in the Gospel points in this direction, with Jesus generously setting the oppressed free and alleviating their sufferings. The paper uses a historical-grammatical method and argues that discipleship involves hospitality, which challenges transactional relationships and social hierarchies. In Luke 14:12- 15, Jesus passes on the teaching of hospitality without expecting recompense from the beneficiaries to those who would follow him and accept the kingdom character he offers. In this teaching, there is a clear intersection of discipleship and hospitality where Jesus encourages his audience and followers to improve the condition of the marginalised. The text, set within Luke’s broad Travel Narrative (9:51-19-27), is relevant to the African context of suffering, marked by poverty, disease, marginalisation, social injustice, civil unrest, and violence. Thus, Jesus’ teaching calls for a renewed theological reflection and practical response that motivates Christians to take responsibility for improving the condition of the marginalised. Significantly, Jesus redefines hospitality from the generally accepted perspective of familiar and social bonds to inviting those who cannot reciprocate, such as the poor and indigent community members. The paper recommends that individual Christians and the African church do more of this kind of discipleship as a redemptive response to suffering.

3. Bread in Iranian cultural heritage: The Bread Museum in the holy city...
2

Dr. Adnan Mutter Nassir*, Prof...
Professor of Sociology, College of Basic Education, Al-Muthanna University, Iraq
17-24
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17096757

The Iranian city of Mashhad holds a special place in the hearts of Iranians and Muslims, as it houses numerous religious monuments and shrines thanks to the shrine of the eighth Imam of the Ahl al-Bayt, Ali ibn Musa al-Rida (peace be upon him). It is surrounded in all its aspects by heritage monuments rooted in various eras, along with natural landmarks and magnificent and beautiful tourist sites. Among these landmarks, which combine heritage and modernity, is the city's Bread Museum, the first in the Middle East visited by tourists upon their arrival to the holy city. The museum contains various types of bread-making tools, which hold a special place in the nutritional composition of the peoples of the world in general and the people of Iran in particular. The social, cultural, and economic history of bread also reflects the symbolism of peace and tolerance among peoples, as its abundance and diversity in its manufacture and exchange with others are among the most important indicators of civilization. The museum traces the history of the nutritional and cultural status of bread and its types in terms of form and technology. By relying on the historical approach in making use of archaeological data, historical sources, religious and mythological texts of ancient Iran, as well as making use of the descriptive and analytical research approach by studying the details of the bread museum in the holy city, the results showed that grains were the most important material for preparing and making bread in historical Iran. Despite the use of modern industrial ovens that made bread production on a large scale possible, the old method of preparing bread on hot ash is still used without abandoning the previous methods of preparing bread.

4. YOUTH EMPOWERMENT AS A STRATEGY FOR CRIME REDUCTION IN THE FEDERAL CAP...
3

Titus Chinedu Eze*
Department of Public Administration, Faculty of Management Sciences, Veritas University, Abuja
25-34
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17151787

The rising incidence of crime in the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), Abuja, poses significant challenges to social stability, economic development, and public safety. This study investigates how youth empowerment initiatives can serve as a viable strategy for crime reduction in the FCT, identifying the barriers to their implementation and the opportunities for sustainable impact. The study utilized data obtained from face-to-face interviews with beneficiaries of different youth empowerment programs, in addition to data obtained from peerreviewed journal articles on Google Scholar, JSTOR, ResearchGate, etc., government/nongovernmental organization reports, books, and policy documents such as the National Youth Policy and N-Power Programme Reports. The thematic analysis method was used to identify, analyze, and report patterns (themes) within these data. The extracted data were categorized into the following themes: Effectiveness of youth empowerment programs, Crime trends in Abuja, and Policy gaps and recommendations. Youth empowerment programs have a measurable impact on reducing crime by providing skills, economic opportunities, and positive behavioral outlets for youths. It is recommended that the government of FCT should expand vocational training centers across all the area councils, targeting 50,000 youths annually, and partner with the private sector to create job opportunities post-training.

5. A CASE STUDY OF DIGITAL GOVERNANCE IN NIGERIA'S PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
2

Titus Chinedu Eze*
Department of Public Administration, Faculty of Management Sciences, Veritas University, Abuja
35-43
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17151835

The goal of digital governance in public administration is to improve efficiency, transparency, and ICT engagement by using information and communication technology to streamline processes, reduce costs, and enhance service delivery. It fights corruption while promoting transparency and inclusion. Through data analytics and cybersecurity, decisionmaking is better, which increases inclusiveness and makes public administration more effective. Digital governance is transformative for every country’s public administration because it simplifies operations, boosts transparency, and strengthens the relationship between citizens and the government. However, there are still significant challenges in implementing or expanding digital governance within Nigeria's public administration systems. This background study reviews literature and relevant examples to explain the evolution, key elements, impacts, and challenges of digital governance. One example highlighted in this research is an initiative focused on digital governance in Nigeria that shows ongoing issues along with practical consequences. Improving digital governance can be achieved by applying the recommendations proposed here.

6. Advertising and Marketing Communication: The Disconnect Between Native...
3

Dr. Heavens Ugochukwu Obasi*,...
Department of Mass Communication Abia State University, Uturu, Abia State, Nigeria and Department of Mass Communication National Institute for Nigerian Languages, Aba, Abia State, Nigeria
44-51
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17160374

This research explores the disconnect between native knowledge systems and contemporary advertising strategies, highlighting the significance of integrating indigenous perspectives in marketing practices. While advertising has evolved through various technological advancements and consumer behavior shifts, the value embedded in native knowledge systems remains largely overlooked. Using a qualitative research methodology, the study delves into the experiences and insights of indigenous marketers, cultural practitioners, and consumers to uncover the dimensions of this disconnect. The research identifies key gaps, including the underrepresentation of indigenous narratives in mainstream advertising, the misinterpretation of cultural symbols, and the impact of globalization on local identities. Additionally, the study examines how current advertising strategies often fail to resonate with indigenous audiences, leading to ineffective messaging and alienation. By analyzing case studies and conducting indepth interviews, the findings reveal that traditional knowledge and practices possess rich, authentic content that can enhance the effectiveness of advertising campaigns. Moreover, it highlights the necessity for marketers to adopt an inclusive approach, valuing the richness of diverse cultural paradigms. This paper advocates for the development of advertising strategies that not only respect but also incorporate native wisdom, fostering genuine connections with diverse audiences. The implications of this research extend to improving cultural sensitivity in advertising, promoting ethical marketing practices, and paving the way for collaborations that benefit both commercial interests and indigenous communities. Ultimately, the integration of native knowledge systems into present-day advertising strategies is essential for creating more.

7. EMPLOYEE RESILIENCE AND ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE AS DETERMINANTS OF SUST...
1

Onunkun Oladele Philip, Dr. AK...
PhD in Business Administration - Entrepreneurship and Human Resource Management, Statistics and Records, Adeyemi Federal University of Education, Ondo, Ondo State, Nigeria
52-62
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17165938

This study explores the impact of employee resilience and organizational culture on sustainable performance within tertiary hospitals in Oyo State, Nigeria. Using a mixed-methods research design, data were collected from 338 healthcare professionals across four major hospitals through structured questionnaires and in-depth interviews. The study aimed to examine both the direct influence of employee resilience on performance outcomes and the moderating role of organizational culture in this relationship. Quantitative data were analyzed using multiple regression techniques. Findings reveal that employee resilience significantly predicts sustainable performance (β = 0.514, p < 0.001), emphasizing the importance of cognitive, behavioural, and contextual adaptability in improving healthcare delivery. Organizational culture also demonstrated a significant positive impact on performance (β = 0.403, p < 0.001), with attributes such as openness, collaboration, and innovation contributing to enhanced operational outcomes. Furthermore, the interaction between resilience and culture (β = 0.247, p = 0.003) confirmed that a supportive culture strengthens the resilience-performance link. The study is underpinned by the Resource-Based Theory, Conservation of Resources Theory, and Social Exchange Theory, all of which reinforce the strategic importance of human capital and organizational environment in sustaining institutional excellence. The research recommends integrating resilience-building into staff development programmes and fostering a culture of trust, communication, and support across healthcare institutions. The findings have practical implications for hospital administrators, policymakers, and human resource managers seeking to improve healthcare quality, employee well-being, and institutional sustainability in Nigeria’s healthcare system.

8. PUBLIC POLICY AND ADMINISTRATION OF LIVESTOCK IN NIGERIA
2

Tyodzer Patrick PILLAH*, Djeba...
Department of Public Administration, Faculty of Management Sciences, Veritas University Abuja, Nigeria
63-81
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17189179

The purpose of this study was to present empirical data about the connection between Nigeria's credit policy environment and the livestock production index. An autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bound test approach was utilized to determine whether co-integration among time series data was present. The main goals of this study are to determine how these policies and programs reflect performance at various time points based on the government's commitment and the farmers' integration. Nevertheless, a number of obstacles, including social, political, economic, and technical ones, limited the programs. Stability, optimal quality, efficiency, and objectivity were demonstrated by the predicted long- and short-term models. The descriptive method of gathering data from primary and secondary sources is used in this study. The results showed that while loans from agricultural credit guarantee schemes to livestock units hurt livestock production, overall commercial bank credit to the agricultural sector and domestic private sector credit both had a significant positive impact over the long term. Livestock production is severely impacted in the near term by domestic credit to the private sector, lending interest rates, and livestock loans under agricultural credit guarantee schemes. In the short term, however, livestock production benefited from the commercial banks' overall lending to the agricultural sector. The findings' implications suggest that to boost livestock production in the nation, it is necessary to lower the lending interest rate for agricultural credit, reevaluate the agricultural credit guarantee program, and expand domestic and total commercial credit to the agricultural sector. In order to increase productivity, sustainability, and resilience, this study suggests removing current policy barriers, rerouting government spending to guarantee the availability of public goods and services that benefit producers, consumers, and society at large, and promoting the development of localized agricultural policies at the state and local government levels.

9. PRECOLONIAL ADMINISTRATION, COLONIAL ADMINISTRATION, INDEPENDENT CONST...
7

Tyodzer Patrick PILLAH*, Okwol...
Department of Public Administration, Faculty of Management Sciences, Veritas University Abuja, Nigeria
82-117
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17206789

Local government functions at the grassroots level, coordinating activities within communities and serving as the closest tier to the people. Its origins predate colonialism, with various forms existing before colonial rule. Under colonialism, the British indirect rule system built on established local administrations in Belgium and Congo. The structure and organization of local government have since evolved. This study reviews the stages of local government development in Congo and assesses current conditions. Using a qualitative approach, the research draws on interviews with traditional leaders, senior local government staff, and relevant literature. Data were analyzed through context analysis. The findings indicate that local government administration in Congo and Belgium has faced persistent challenges, particularly a lack of autonomy. The study concludes with recommendations to enhance local government performance and service delivery.

10. Ichthyofauna dynamics of Omi- Nla River, Agbabu, Odigbo Local Governme...
9

Olaniyan Rotimi Francis Ph. D*...
Adeyemi Federal University of Education, Ondo
118-126
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17206743

The rate of overexploitation, pollution, habitat destruction, climate change, invasive species, and disease outbreaks in inland waters pose significant threats to biodiversity, underscoring the need for comprehensive research on freshwater ecosystems. Monitoring the diversity, abundance and richness of species in these ecosystems is crucial for assessing their status and stability. This research aimed to develop a comprehensive catalogue of fish species in Omi-Nla River, Agbabu. The catalogue will provide a vital baseline for conservation and management efforts, promoting the long-term sustainability of the river's ecosystem. This research was carried out in Omi-Nla River, for eight months from January,2025 to August 2025, in three fishing communities (station 1, Station 2, and station 3) based on their level of fishing activity. Data were collected through experimental field record of fish species across three landing sites with each site sampled on monthly basis with minimum of three canoes assessed in each location for their catches. The catches were sorted and identified into species using standard fish identification keys. Results revealed that total of 4,143 individuals were identified across (11) families, the Cyprinidae family has the highest species richness comprises of (11) species and Polyteridae family were the least diverse. Clarias anguilaris species was the most prevalent accounting for 7.57% of the total population with 241 individuals while, the least abundant species were Chrysicthys walker (1.04%). The highest Dominance (D) was recorded for Midstream station (1248) least was recorded for Upstream station (1048) Shannon (H) recorded the highest for Downstream (3.39) while the least was recorded for Upstream (3.32), evenness (E) recorded the highest for Downstream (10.76) and the least for the Upstream (0.71) Margalef (F) recorded the highest for Upstream (5.46) and the least for Midstream (5.33).This study provides foundational data sources that could be used by relevant agencies for conservation and management of fisheries resources of Omi-Nla River, Agbabu.

11. Anxiety Disorders: Learned Helplessness and Decision-Making within a C...
2

Gulay Gumus*
St Clements University
127-132
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17214225

Anxiety disorders are among the most prevalent mental health conditions, often characterized by excessive worry, avoidance behaviors, and impaired decision-making. One underlying mechanism that has received increasing attention is learned helplessness, a cognitivebehavioral pattern in which individuals perceive their actions as ineffective in influencing outcomes. This study proposes a cognitive model linking learned helplessness to decisionmaking deficits in anxiety disorders. The model suggests that repeated experiences of uncontrollability foster maladaptive cognitive schemas, which in turn bias risk perception, reduce self-efficacy, and impair adaptive choices. Drawing on existing empirical evidence, the paper integrates insights from cognitive psychology, clinical research, and behavioral economics to explain how helplessness mediates the relationship between anxiety and decision-making. The proposed model highlights potential intervention points for therapeutic approaches, including cognitive restructuring, decision-making training, and resilience-building strategies. By elucidating the cognitive mechanisms of helplessness in anxiety, this work aims to provide a theoretical foundation for future empirical studies and clinical applications.

12. The Bidirectional Influence of Scottish Welfare Policy and National Id...
3

Chen Qiqi*
University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai
133-137
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17221435

In the context of devolution, Scotland has shaped a distinct national identity through differentiated social welfare policies. This paper examines Scotland’s welfare policies in education, healthcare, and social services, employing literature analysis and comparative research methods to explore the two-way relationship between welfare policies and identity construction. The study aims to provide a comparative case for identity research in other regions of the UK.

13. Exploring the Effect of School Principal Leadership on Teacher Teachin...
4

Basilius Redan Werang*, I Gede...
Ganesha University of Education, Singaraja, Bali, Indonesia
138-141
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17385673

Background: Teachers’ teaching commitment is a vital component of educational success because it directly influences students’ academic achievement and overall school performance. Objective: This study aimed to explore the influence of school principal leadership on teacher teaching commitment in Catholic elementary schools in Merauke, South Papua, Indonesia. Method: We utilized a quantitative research approach using a survey research design to obtain data from a total of 95 Catholic elementary school teachers in Merauke, South Papua, Indonesia. Obtained data were subjected to a quantitative statistical analysis using a simple linear regression analysis by employing Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 25. Findings: The results of data analysis show a positive and significant effect of school principal leadership in teacher teaching commitment in Catholic elementary school teachers in Merauke, South Papua, Indonesia. Implication for Practice and Research: The findings the findings highlight the need to strengthen leadership capacity among school principals through continuous professional development and leadership training. Effective leadership fosters a supportive and collaborative school climate, which enhances teacher motivation and contributes to improved teaching quality and student learning outcomes. Educational authorities and stakeholders are encouraged to invest in leadership development initiatives as a strategic means to promote teacher commitment and sustain educational excellence.





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